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An IQ test, or Intelligence Quotient test, is a standardized assessment designed to measure human intelligence. The term “IQ” originally stood for “intelligence quotient,” and it was introduced by the French psychologist Alfred Binet in the early 20th century.
The purpose of an IQ test is to provide a numerical representation of a person’s cognitive abilities relative to others in their age group.
IQ tests typically assess various cognitive skills, including reasoning, problem-solving, memory, and mathematical ability. They are designed to be culturally neutral, aiming to measure innate intelligence rather than knowledge acquired through education or experience.
Common types of IQ tests include the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) and the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales. These tests usually produce a single score, the IQ score, which is normalized to have a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15.
A score of 100 is considered average, with scores above or below indicating above-average or below-average intelligence, respectively.
It’s important to note that while IQ tests are widely used and recognized, they have been subject to criticism. Some argue that they may not capture the full range of human intelligence or that cultural biases could affect the results.
Additionally, IQ scores are just one measure of cognitive abilities and do not encompass other important aspects of human capabilities such as creativity, emotional intelligence, or practical skills.
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